Chapter 1- Extra Credit (Class Notes)

Hello everyone :) Since I am missing class this Wednesday and Friday for soccer, I am writing another blog for extra credit notes to make up for my absences!

Class Notes-

I. First Migrations
   A. Homo sapiens were first found in eastern and southern Africa around 250,000 years ago and
        lived there for about 150,00 years.     
   B.  Homo sapiens then created a human revolution in which they taught themselves a number things
         such as hunting, fishing, and the use of stone and bone tools.
   C. About 100,000 years ago, the beginnings of migration started in Africa, where homo sapiens
       began migrating all over the world.
            a. Human migrated into Eurasia about 40,000 years ago where they mostly migrated in the
                Middle East.
                      1. The main discovery here was the development of new hunting technologies and
                          habits.
                      2. Also early forms of writing and cave paintings were discovered.
            b. The first place humans migrated was Australia nearly about 60,000 years ago.
                      1. This was the first way that humans used floating devices such as boats to travel to 
                          get to Australia.
                      2. This was the development of more than 250 different types of languages.
                      3. Communicationa and exchange networks such as singing, dancing, and rituals.
            c. Human migrated into the Americas about 30,000-15,000 years ago.
                      1. There were many different types of cultures in the Americas.
                      2. They started hunting huge animals such as mammoths and many of people learned to
                          adapt to different environments assuming that the ice age was coming to an end.
            d. One of the last places that humans migrated into was the Pacific which included islands such
                as the Phillipines, Solomon Islands, Bismarck, and Madagascar about 3,500 years ago.
                      1. They took agricultural techniques with them.
                      2. This created a huge environmental impact on the land, where animals and plants
                          became extinct.
II. Human Societies.
     A. Most societies were small where there was about 25-50 people in each group.
     B. Most bands were small and nomadic depending on where they could survive and get food.
     C. Many different rules came from Paleolithic societies:
          1. Men did most of the hunting and gathering, while women stayed home and cooked and
              cleaned for families.
          2. Distinguished the rights and wrongs of cheating and made it clear that incestry was not
              allowed.  
III. Different types of Paleolithic Societies
     A. San and Chumash societies were very conservative and kept their culture/ways the same when
          they continued into modern times.
     B. San men would use 28 different types of hunting tools to catch adequate food for their families.
     C. San women would cook and clean and were mostlty dependent on nature.
     D. San Societies were very equal amongst men and women.
     E. San belief system was polytheistic.
     F. Chumash societies were larger than San but lived in houses.
     G. Chuman solved many problems such as food shortages and violence.
     H. Chuman were more advanced than San in all ways such as living, hunting, eating, and
          traveling.